Search results for " Gastrointestinal Tract"
showing 10 items of 22 documents
The role of the gastrointestinal tract in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases
2016
Dysregulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier in genetically susceptible individuals may lead to both intestinal and extraintestinal autoimmune disorders. There is emerging literature on the role of microbiota changes in the pathogenesis of systemic rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, and connective tissue diseases. Although the role of the gastrointestinal tract in the pathogenesis of spondyloartropathies is well defined and many studies underline the importance of gastrointestinal inflammation in modulating local and systemic inflammation, the data are inconclusive regarding the effect of dysbiosis on rheumatoid arthritis and connective tissue dise…
How to predict a high rate of inappropriateness for upper endoscopy in an endoscopic centre?
2010
Abstract BACKGROUND: Inappropriateness of upper endoscopy (EGD) indication causes decreased diagnostic yield. Our aim of was to identify predictors of appropriateness rate for EGD among endoscopic centres. METHODS: A post-hoc analysis of two multicentre cross-sectional studies, including 6270 and 8252 patients consecutively referred to EGD in 44 (group A) and 55 (group B) endoscopic Italian centres in 2003 and 2007, respectively, was performed. A multiple forward stepwise regression was applied to group A, and independently validated in group B. A <70% threshold was adopted to define inadequate appropriateness rate clustered by centre. RESULTS: discrete variability of clustered appropriaten…
GLP-2: What do we know? What are we going to discover?
2014
Glucagon-like peptide 2 [GLP-2] is a 33-amino acid peptide released from the mucosal enteroendocrine L-cells of the intestine. The actions of GLP-2 are transduced by the GLP-2 receptor [GLP-2R], which is localized in the neurons of the enteric nervous system but not in the intestinal epithelium, indicating an indirect mechanism of action. GLP-2 is well known for its trophic role within the intestine and interest in GLP-2 is now reviving based on the approval of the GLP-2R agonist for treatment of short bowel syndrome [SBS]. Recently it also seems to be involved in glucose homeostasis. The aim of this review is to outline the importance of neuroendocrine peptides, specifically of GLP-2 in th…
Angiotensin II positively modulates the spontaneous contractile activity of mouse and human colon via activation of AT1 receptors.
2012
Objective: Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a potent smooth muscle contractile neurohumoral agonist but has not been much investigated with regard to gastrointestinal motor activity. Ang II effects are mediated by specific receptors, the Ang II type 1 (AT1) and the Ang II type 2 (AT2) receptors, which are well expressed in the gut. In this study we evaluated the effects of Ang II on the contractile activity of longitudinal muscle from mouse and human colon and we analysed the subtype(s) of receptors involved in the observed effects. Methods: Mechanical responses to Ang II, in the absence or in the presence of different drugs, were assessed in vitro in colonic longitudinal muscle from mice and hum…
Unveiling the egg microbiota of the loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta in nesting beaches of the Mediterranean Sea
2022
Microbes have central roles in the development and health of animals, being the introduction of specific microbial species a potential conservation strategy to protect animals from emerging diseases. Thus, insight into the microbiota of the species and their habitats is essential. In this manuscript, we report for the first time the bacterial composition of all the components (eggshells of hatched and unhatched eggs, internal content of unhatched eggs, intestinal content of hatchling and pipping sea turtles, and sand) of three nesting beaches of Caretta caretta along the Italian coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. The analysis of 26 amplicon samples was carried out using next-generation sequen…
Unraveling the behavior of oral drug products inside the human gastrointestinal tract using the aspiration technique: History, methodology and applic…
2020
Fluid sampling from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has been applied as a valuable tool to gain more insight into the fluids present in the human GI tract and to explore the dynamic interplay of drug release, dissolution, precipitation and absorption after drug product administration to healthy subjects. In the last twenty years, collaborative initiatives have led to a plethora of clinical aspiration studies that aimed to unravel the luminal drug behavior of an orally administered drug product. The obtained drug concentration-time profiles from different segments in the GI tract were a valuable source of information to optimize and/or validate predictive in vitro and in silico tools, freque…
Role of MSCT scan in management of patients with primary epiploic appendagitis; our experience
2013
Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
The role of DWI sequences in preclinical investigations of the sacroiliac joints anomalies in patients with Crohn's disease. Our experience
2016
Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
LID - 10.3791/59466 [doi]
2019
The following protocol is intended to respond to the requirements set by the European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directives (MSFD) for the D10C3 Criteria reported in the Commission Decision (EU), related to the amount of litter ingested by marine animals. Standardized methodologies for extracting litter items ingested from dead sea turtles along with guidelines on data analysis are provided. The protocol starts with the collection of dead sea turtles and classification of samples according to the decomposition status. Turtle necropsy must be performed in authorized centers and the protocol described here explains the best procedure for gastrointestinal (GI) tract isolation. The three…
Optimal local control and tolerability of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in prostate cancer: A single institutional experience of dose…
2013
Aims To evaluate long-term late side effects, clinical and biochemical relapse in non-metastatic prostate cancer patients treated with dose escalation, from 74 to 78 Gy, by means of three dimensional conformal radiation therapy. Materials and Methods Clinical data of 125 patients with prostate cancer who underwent three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy were retrospectively evaluated. All patients were stratified, according to the NCCN classification, in low, intermediate and high risk, and all of them showed histologically proven adenocarcinoma stage T1–T3 with at least 2 years of follow-up. Late toxicity was analyzed using a modified Radiation Therapy Oncology Group toxicity scale. …